JS `Subresource Integrity (SRI)`：应对 CDN 劫持与内容篡改

各位观众老爷，大家好！我是你们的老朋友，代码界的段子手，今天咱们来聊聊一个听起来高大上，但其实能救你项目于水火之中的技术：Subresource Integrity (SRI)。简单来说，它就是给你的外链资源加了个防盗锁，防止有人偷偷摸摸地篡改你的代码。

一、 啥是CDN劫持？为啥需要SRI？

想象一下，你辛辛苦苦写好的网站，用了某个流行的CDN上的jQuery库。突然有一天，某个黑客攻破了CDN服务器，偷偷地把jQuery库里的代码改了，加了一段恶意脚本，专门偷用户的账号密码。

用户毫不知情地访问你的网站，结果账号密码就被盗了，你也被用户骂得狗血淋头。这，就是CDN劫持！

CDN劫持的危害可不仅仅是偷账号密码，它还能：

• 植入恶意广告： 让你网站上出现一些奇奇怪怪的广告，影响用户体验。
• 篡改页面内容： 把你网站的内容改成一些乱七八糟的东西，甚至传播谣言。
• DDoS攻击： 利用用户浏览器发起DDoS攻击，让你的网站瘫痪。

想想都可怕吧？这就是为啥我们需要SRI！

二、 SRI的工作原理：给外链资源做“体检”

SRI的原理其实很简单，就是给你的外链资源生成一个“指纹”，也就是哈希值。每次浏览器加载这个资源的时候，都会先用相同的算法计算出资源的哈希值，然后和你提供的哈希值进行比对。如果两者一致，就说明资源没有被篡改，可以放心使用；如果两者不一致，就说明资源可能被篡改了，浏览器就会拒绝加载它。

这就像海关安检一样，每个进出口的货物都要经过扫描，确认货物和申报单上的信息一致，才能放行。

三、 如何使用SRI：三步搞定

使用SRI只需要三步：

1. 生成资源的哈希值。
2. 在HTML标签中添加integrity属性，并填入哈希值。
3. 指定crossorigin属性，处理跨域问题。

3.1 生成哈希值

生成哈希值有很多方法，你可以使用命令行工具，也可以使用在线工具。

3.1.1 使用命令行工具 (OpenSSL)

如果你的电脑上安装了OpenSSL，可以使用以下命令生成哈希值：

openssl dgst -sha384 -binary jquery.min.js | openssl base64 -A

• openssl dgst -sha384 -binary jquery.min.js: 使用SHA-384算法计算jquery.min.js文件的哈希值，-binary参数表示输出二进制格式。
• openssl base64 -A: 将二进制格式的哈希值转换为Base64编码，-A参数表示输出单行字符串。

运行这个命令，你会得到类似这样的哈希值：

sha384-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